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POPULAR WICCAN TRADITIONS: DIFFERENT FORMS OF WICCA
As Wicca has grown in popularity, many innovations have arisen out of the original tradition, which was developed in the aftermath of the late-19th century British occult revival. Below are several of the most commonly practiced Wiccan traditions, including Gardnerian, Alexandrian, and Dianic Wicca, as well as other, newly emerging forms and solitary and eclectic paths.
THE MOST POPULAR WICCAN TRADITIONS
GARDNERIAN WICCA
What is now known as “Wicca” was initially developed in the UK in the mid-20th century. Gerald Gardner often called the “father of Wicca,” founded a coven called Bricket Wood and based its religious practices on many sources, including experiences he had had years earlier with a group of self-described Witches known as the New Forest Coven.
Gardner did not actually call his coven’s practices “Wicca,” but rather “Witchcraft,” though he sometimes referred to the coven members collectively as “the Wicca.” The use of “Wicca” instead of “Witchcraft” came about years later, once these religious practices had spread to North America.
Gardnerian Wicca is an initiatory tradition, meaning that one can only be initiated through another Gardnerian witch so that every “true” Gardnerian can trace their lineage back to the original Bricket Wood coven. Gardnerian Wiccans traditionally work in covens of 13 members, although this number can vary depending on the circumstances of the group.
The coven is led by a High Priestess, with a High Priest as “second in command.” This dynamic mirrors the mythical story of the Sabbats, where God dies and is reborn year after year, while the Goddess is eternally alive.
The Gardnerian deities are the Horned God and the Mother Goddess, and they have specific names that are supposed to be kept secret from non-initiates. There is a great deal of emphasis on using the original Book of Shadows that Gardner created for rituals and magic, which is also supposed to be kept secret, although it has been published in a few different forms over the decades.